Supplements and Drugs Are Associated With Biological Age in a Cohort of Exceptionally Healthy Individuals

Pabis K

1. 01

   4,260 participants; 71% supplement users; 84 supplements tested

2. 02

   Delayed-release calcium alpha-ketoglutarate plus vitamins associated with 1.8-year lower Age Residual

3. 03

   Association persisted after adjustment for age, sex, smoking and health status

4. 04

   Outcome was a proprietary 9-CpG clock with 5.4-year mean absolute error

5. 05

   Effect size markedly smaller than the ~8-year reduction reported in the earlier 2021 Rejuvant analysis

Study Design

Observational cross-sectional cohort

Sample Size

4,260 subjects

Study Duration

2020-2025 (cross-sectional sampling)

Methodology

Cross-sectional questionnaire-linked analysis of commercial saliva methylation test purchasers, proprietary 9-CpG epigenetic clock, multivariable adjustment

Limitations

Not randomised or blinded; self-selected supplement-buying cohort with unquantified healthy-user and reverse-causation bias; outcome is a proprietary, commercially owned epigenetic clock with a 5.4-year error rather than function or clinical events; cross-sectional design cannot establish that taking the supplement lowers biological age. Randomised AKG trials remain the evidence that would matter.