ErgothioneineNew
A naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid derivative concentrated in mushrooms (particularly oyster, shiitake and king trumpet), tempeh and organ meats. Humans cannot synthesise it but possess a dedicated, highly specific transporter (OCTN1/SLC22A4), which is unusual and has led to it being described as a candidate "longevity vitamin". Interest intensified in 2026 when a bioRxiv preprint reported that five mechanistically distinct lifespan-extending interventions in mice all raised ergothioneine across tissues.
Mechanism of Action
Ergothioneine is taken up via the OCTN1/SLC22A4 transporter, which is expressed at high levels in tissues under oxidative stress — erythrocytes, bone marrow, liver, kidney, eye and seminal fluid. The existence of a dedicated mammalian transporter for a compound the body cannot make is the strongest argument for a physiological role. Proposed mechanisms include direct scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite; chelation of divalent cations; protection of mitochondria; and preservation of glutathione. It is unusually stable at physiological pH and has a long tissue half-life. Importantly, its causal contribution to the effects of established geroprotectors has not been demonstrated — the 2026 convergence finding is correlative.
Dosing Protocol
5–25 mg daily in most human trials; dietary intake from mushrooms is typically 1–5 mg/daymg
Standard starting dose based on research
Therapeutic Range
5
Minimum
30
Maximum
Once daily with food; absorption is efficient and tissue accumulation is slow, so timing is not critical
Cycling Protocol
No cycling required or established. Tissue half-life is long (weeks), so daily continuous dosing produces gradual accumulation.
Dosages are general guidelines. Individual requirements vary based on body weight, health status, and specific goals. Start with lower doses and adjust based on response.
Benefits
Primary Benefits
- Cellular antioxidant capacity, particularly in mitochondria and tissues under oxidative stress
- Observationally associated with lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risk in European cohort studies
- Rises consistently across brain, plasma and muscle under five distinct lifespan-extending interventions in mice (preprint)
Secondary Benefits
Safety Information
Contraindications
Do not use if any of the following apply:
- •Pregnancy and breastfeeding (no safety data)
- •Children (no safety data)
- •Known mushroom-derived ingredient allergy for fungal-source products
Drug/Supplement Interactions
May interact with the following. Consult a healthcare provider before combining:
Potential Side Effects
Some users may experience:
This is not a complete list of interactions or side effects. Individual responses vary. Always start with the lowest effective dose and monitor your response. Report any adverse effects to your healthcare provider.
Quality Markers
Look for these specific quality indicators when sourcing this compound:
- Prefer L-ergothioneine (the naturally occurring enantiomer)
- Third-party purity and identity testing (COA)
- Fermentation-derived or defined mushroom-extract source with stated ergothioneine content
- Avoid products stating only total mushroom extract weight without quantified ergothioneine
Trusted Certifications
Note: Supplement quality varies dramatically between brands. Cheap supplements often contain fillers, incorrect doses, or contaminants. Investing in quality products from reputable manufacturers is essential for safety and efficacy.
Evidence Profile
Evidence Score
4/10
Emerging/Anecdotal
Limited clinical data, primarily mechanistic studies or user reports
Evidence Scale
8-10
Strong
5-7
Moderate
1-4
Emerging
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